ICAM1 and viral infectious disease: dsRNA and many virus infections generally would facilitate the development of Th1 cells via skewing DCs [73], but some strains of human rhinoviruses, e.g., HRV14, which belongs to the major group human RV (HRV), can efficiently inhibit the T cell stimulatory capacity of DCs through binding to its cellular receptor human intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), inducing inhibitory cell surface receptors, and induce a promiscuous and deep anergic state in co-cultured T cells, despite high levels of MHC molecules as well as co-stimulatory molecules in in vitro study.