Changes in gut microbial profiles including an increased abundance of Bacteroides and Streptococci and a reduced abundance of Clostridium clusters IV and XIVa, possibly through an inflammation-triggering pathways, might contribute to the progression of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D), an autoimmune diabetes that is associated with the damage of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas [137]. Here, INS is linked to diabetes mellitus.