Interestingly, dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase and pyruvate dehydrogenase complex of various microbes are associated in the pathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis, chronic active hepatitis (Salaspuro et al., 1976), sarcoidosis (Gur et al., 2007), systemic sclerosis (Whyte et al., 1994), ulcerative colitis (Ohge et al., 2000), and autoimmune hepatitis (Seibold et al., 1996). The gene discussed is DLAT; the disease is primary biliary cholangitis.