NFKB1 and alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency: NFκB activation in AAT deficiency and in the context of ER accumulation of misfolded ZAAT have been reported in a variety of cell types including monocytes, 16HBE14o- human bronchial epithelial cell lines, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, liver cell lines and liver cells from transgenic mice with liver-specific inducible expression of ZAAT2,32,33.