In addition, the effects of BCKAs inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase flux leaving the most of the pyruvate dehydrogenase in the inactive form in liver39 and since the mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) controls the rate of carbohydrate oxidation, impairment of PDC activity mediated by high-fat intake has been advocated as a causative factor for the skeletal muscle insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and the onset of type 2 diabetes (T2D)40. This evidence concerns the gene PDC and type 2 diabetes mellitus.