-Direct induction of apoptosis in tumor cells [76]-Important effector molecule for CD8+ T cell and NK cell mediated tumor cell cytotoxicity [77]-Induces apoptosis of endothelial cells and disrupts the tumor vasculature [77,78]* TNF-α can also have tumor-promoting effects through activation of NFκB, which enhances transcription of genes associated with tumor cell survival, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis [76]. Here, CD8A is linked to neoplasm.