BRAF and hematopoietic and lymphoid cell neoplasm: This absence of BRAF mutations in canine hematopoietic cancers may reflect the fact that dogs do not develop diseases that are the counterpart of human LCH or HCL, or perhaps that the MAPK pathway is activated by different molecular mechanisms such as alterations of RAS or receptor tyrosine kinases [4,53,54,55,56].