CD4 and inflammatory bowel disease: In IL-10 knockout mice, another experimental animal model of Th1-mediated IBD, five out of the 11 miRNAs described in our current study (miR-223, miR-142-5p, miR-142-3p, miR-21 and miR-146a) were significantly elevated in severely inflamed colon.[26] MiR-223, miR-146a and miR-142-5p were among miRNAs expressed in colon biopsies and saliva shown to differentiate CD from UC.[27] In miR-142-deficient mice, this miRNA was identified as a specific regulator for CD4+ dendritic cell homeostasis and was demonstrated to cause a defect in priming of CD4+ T cells.[28]