Several transcription factors are known to play a crucial role in the last steps of differentiation, thus regulating cell maturation of AD-MSCs in adipocytes, osteocytes, or chondrocytes, such as CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (CEBPα) [42], runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) [43], or SOX-9 [44], respectively. The gene discussed is SOX9; the disease is Alzheimer disease.