NPPB and stage 5 chronic kidney disease: Previous studies have found that NT-proBNP levels are elevated in patients with CKD, and an elevated NT-proBNP level is an independent predictor of all-cause death and MACEs in all CKD stages [5, 6]; however, most studies evaluating the predictive value of NT-proBNP were conducted in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and on dialysis [5].