The proliferative capacity of PBMCs in response to TAAs suggests that NY-ESO-1- or survivin-directed T-cells can be expanded and used for the cellular therapy of patients with glioma: tetramer-guided or IFN-γ-captured NY-ESO-1-directed T-cells were shown to recognize naturally processed and presented epitopes, suggesting that peptide-driven expansion of T-cells leads to biologically and clinically relevant T-cell populations directed against tumor cells (see Supplementary Fig. 8). This evidence concerns the gene BIRC5 and glioma.