Perturbation of LPMac phenotypes has been reported to affect the function of effector T and/or regulatory T cells in murine colitis models11,16, and we detected increased production of IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-17 by LPLs from MKL1-Tg mice compared to those from controls, indicating enhanced effector T cell responses. Here, IL4 is linked to colitis.