CD4 and demyelinating disease: There are few reports where an multiple sclerosis (MS) -like disorder occurred in the presence of HIV infection.19,20 However, it was of considerable interest that the neurological conditions of MS in HIV-infected patients were associated with the HIV viral load and CD4+ cell count.21 It thus raised the speculation that HIV infection and the subsequent HIV-mediated immunomodulation might be a possible basis of the pathogenesis of the CNS demyelinating disorders.