Recently, we demonstrated that a mitochondria-targeted derivative of apocynin, mito-apocynin, reduces neuroinflammation, and prevents DAergic neurodegeneration in an MPTP mouse model of PD.9 In the present study, mito-apocynin pre-treatment attenuated rotenone-induced and tebufenpyrad-induced superoxide generation, which in turn reduced secretion of IL-1β in primed microglia. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and Parkinson disease.