PDK4 and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Although cardiac-specific overexpression of PDK4 exacerbates hypertrophic cardiomyopathy caused by calcineurin stress-activated pathway in PDK4/CnA double transgenic mice [62], it exerts a protective effect against cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury via chronic metabolic adaptation in similar cardiac-specific PDK4 transgenic mice [63].