HMGB1 and Stroke: Furthermore, the levels of HMGB1 in patients with stroke remain significantly elevated than in control subjects up to 14 days after the ischemic event while levels of the natural inhibitors of HMGB1, soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) and endogenous secretory RAGE (esRAGE), remain indistinguishable from control subjects within 48 h following stroke.