TNF and infection: One showed no increased risk of serious infection with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFIs) compared with acitretin, methotrexate, or cyclosporine (Garcia-Doval et al., 2017b), and the two other studies showed no significant increased risk with TNFIs or ustekinumab versus methotrexate (Davila-Seijo et al., 2017) and an increased risk with adalimumab and infliximab compared with retinoids/phototherapy (Kalb et al., 2015).