Willsey et al. performed WES in two TS cohorts (325 trios from the Tourette International Collaborative Genetics cohort; 186 trios from the Tourette Syndrome Association International Consortium on Genetics), and suggested that de novo damaging variants found in approximately 400 genes may contribute to genetic risk in 12% of clinical cases of TS; and they particularly reported 4 likely risk genes for TS, i.e., WWC1 (WW and C2 domain containing 1), CELSR3 (Cadherin EGF LAG seven-pass G-type receptor 3), NIPBL (Nipped-B-like), and FN1 (fibronectin 1) [200]. Here, CELSR3 is linked to Timothy syndrome.