GAA and Nephropathy: Importantly, as shown in the C-T network (Figure 3A), the efficacy of this herb combination not only concentrated on modulating the crucial targets involving in the glucose and insulin homeostasis (IGF1R, GAA, IDE, HNF1A, GCK, and DPP4), but also, more essentially, focused on the regulation of the other proteins mediating diabetic complications including inflammation, retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, and abdominal pain (NOS2, AKR1B1, VEGFA, PTGS2, ESR2, and AChE) to relieve the pathological changes and prolong the efficient curing process.