INS and Insulin resistance: Astragaloside II (M94, OB = 0.79%, and DL = 0.13) and isoastragaloside I (M104, OB = 37.80%, and DL = 0.14) could alleviate insulin resistance and glucose intolerance by enhancing the expression of an insulin-sensitizing adiponectin (Xu et al., 2009).