This trend was also evident when examining the distribution of CA125 values as determined by ELISA (Fig. 1d); the healthy/benign patients tended to have ELISA CA125 values less than the clinical cutoff value of 35 U/ml, indicative of a “normal” CA125 value (Fig. 1d, white), whereas patients with early/late stage ovarian cancer had ELISA CA125 values greater than 35 U/ml, indicative of a risk for ovarian cancer (Fig. 1d, blue). Here, MUC16 is linked to ovarian carcinoma.