However, in a recent breakthrough, Lavin and collaborators aiming to determine the immune landscape of early lung adenocarcinoma lesions, used a multiscale immune profiling strategy based on mass cytometry by time of-flight (CyTOF) combined with single-cell transcriptomics and multiplex tissue imaging and observed that CD141+ DC (categorized by the high levels of CD207, CLEC9A, and XCR1) are significantly depleted in comparison with non-lung adenocarcinoma tissue, whereas CD1c+ DCs (expressing CD1c, CX3CR1 and IRF4) were observed more frequently [41]. This evidence concerns the gene IRF4 and lung adenocarcinoma.