IFNB1 and neoplasm: In a similar way, in basic research protocols aiming to assess the effects of IFN-β gene transfer in both in vitro and in vivo models, it was observed that the treatment: (i) reduced tumor cell proliferation [133, 321–323]; (ii) decreased cell viability in both monolayer and spheroids cultures [308, 322]; (iii) increased long-term survival with reduced tumor burden [311, 323–327] and (iv) reduced tumor volume without notable toxicity, yet an increase in apoptotic cells and areas of necrosis in tumor tissue [133, 321, 324].