Strikingly, in both STING-deficient and IRF3-deficient mice, there was a substantially diminished CD8+ T cell response against tumor-associated antigens and, in wild-type mice, transfer of tumor DNA to host APCs resulted in TBK1 and IRF3 phosphorylation and, as a consequence, production of IFN-β [282]. This evidence concerns the gene STING1 and neoplasm.