CXCL5 and rheumatoid arthritis: CXCL5 is a biomarker of Th17-mediated autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and pemphigus vulgaris [15, 16, 25], and sCD163 is an activation marker for CD163+ TAMs that appears in the serum as a result of proteolytic shedding [17].