PTGS2 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Here, LA induced phosphorylation of AMPK, its upstream LKB1 and downstream ACC and also decreased protein expression of COX-2 in HCC cells, indicating the important role of LKB1/AMPK/ACC signaling in LA induced anticancer effect, since AMPK related signaling is critically involved in survival and proliferation of cancer cells through Warburg effect during lipid metabolism including lipogenesis [68, 69].