Recently, immunotherapy targeting immune checkpoint molecules, especially programmed cell death-1 and programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1), have been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and are changing the paradigm for therapy in lung cancer [5–7]. Here, PDCD1 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.