The presence of total HIV DNA and 2-LTR HIV DNA, despite 10 years of mostly non-integrase inhibitor regimens [23], and the observation that total HIV DNA predominantly reflects integrated HIV DNA levels after the first year of ART [41], suggest: i) resting memory CD4+ T cells are considerably longer-lived than a 2.3 year half-life, ii) homeostatic proliferation contributes slowly to the latent reservoir otherwise 2-LTR would be more markedly reduced in comparison to total (integrated) HIV DNA, and/or iii) there is ongoing infection. The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is infection.