ANPEP and cancer: FLI1 is a member of the large ETS transcription factor family43 and has been associated with an increased proliferation, differentiation and evasion from apoptosis in human cancer cells.44, 45 Aberrant FLI1 activation induces dysregulated cell division and malignant transformation,46, 47 and in the NIH3T3 murine cell line with induced overexpression of FLI1, drug-induced apoptosis was inhibited.47 In endothelial cells, ETS phosphorylation via the RAS/MAPK pathway is required for CD13 induction,48 suggesting that there may be a link between the ETS transcription factor family and CD13.