Similarly to FGF1, numerous growth factors and growth factor receptors can nuclearize and act by intracrine and nuclear pathways, whether in the FGF/FGFR family (FGF1-3,11-14/FGFR1)2, 49, 50, 51 or in other growth factor families such as EGF/EGFR, IGF-I/IGF-IR, VEGF/VEGFR.52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57 In most of these studies, nuclearization of growth factors or of their receptors is associated with increased cell proliferation and survival and tumor chemoresistance. This evidence concerns the gene EGF and neoplasm.