In this study, the fibrous connective tissue and the precursor of collagen (COL IA1) were poorly detected in the gastric ulcer with AM application, emphasizing the anti-fibrotic potential of AM owing to the downregulation of TGF-β1, TGF-β2, TGF-β3, and TGG-β receptor II expression in fibroblasts [56]. Here, TGFB3 is linked to gastric ulcer.