In this study, the fibrous connective tissue and the precursor of collagen (COL IA1) were poorly detected in the gastric ulcer with AM application, emphasizing the anti-fibrotic potential of AM owing to the downregulation of TGF-β1, TGF-β2, TGF-β3, and TGG-β receptor II expression in fibroblasts [56]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and gastric ulcer.