In a study with 75,952 noncardiac surgeries, the authors identified the followingrisk factors for ARI in the postoperative period: age ≥ 56 years, male,emergency surgery, intraperitoneal surgery, DM with oral medication or insulin,decompensated HF, hypertension, “mild” renal failure (preoperative creatininebetween 1.2 and 1.9 mg/dL), and “moderate” renal failure (creatinine ≥2.0 mg/dL). Here, INS is linked to acute kidney injury.