IRF5 and infection: To determine the role of TLR7, TLR8, IRF5, and STING (stimulator of interferon genes) for cytokine induction in MDM upon infection with viable GBS and E. coli, we performed siRNA-mediated gene silencing, which was efficient for all targets examined (Figure S7A in Supplementary Material) The pU/pLA induced cytokines were strongly reduced after TLR8 silencing (Figure 7).