Among the top 18 genes, CDH1 gene encoding E-cadherin, which has been shown to suppress liver carcinogenesis22, was listed at the top with positive correlation based on the lowest p-values among the 3 cohorts, while HGS gene encoding hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate (HGS), which has been shown to be required for liver cancer cell survival with high level of β-catenin signalling23, was listed at the top, while HGS was listed at the top with negative correlation based on the lowest p-values among the 3 cohorts. The gene discussed is HGS; the disease is liver cancer.