ATG12 and atrial fibrillation: To further ascertain the involvement of autophagic process in AF/AD-induced apoptosis of Bel-7402 cells, the levels of autophagy-associated genes proteins, which are called Atg proteins including Atg5-Atg12 protein complex, Atg7, Atg10, Beclin-1 (Atg-6), and LC3-I/II (Atg-8) was examined by immunoblot and immunofluorescence assay.