After AF/AD treatment in the absence or presence of SB203580 or 3-MA, cells were incubated for 1 h with a 1:500 dilution of specific primary antibody (anti-Beclin-1, anti-LC3,) and further incubated for 1 h with a 1:2000 dilution of goat anti-mouse IgG(H+L)-FITC (for Beclin-1), rabbit anti-goat IgG(H+L)-TRITC (for LC3) as a secondary antibody. The gene discussed is MAP1LC3A; the disease is atrial fibrillation.