CCL2 and atherosclerosis: For example, cytokine-induced activation of ECs can induce endothelium dysfunction accompanied by upregulation of adhesion molecules and chemokines, such as intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), which promotes migration of immune cells (monocytes, neutrophils, and lymphocytes) into the atherosclerosis lesion [12, 13].