TRPA1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: In order to explore the effect of exosomes on the level of TRPA1 mRNA, we treated HCC-515 cells overnight with SS (control 1), CM, concentrated CM-exosomes, residual supernatant from the exosomal extraction process (control 2), and CM collected from dimethyl amiloride (DMA; inhibitor of exosomal release8, 42, 43) treated astrocytes (Fig. 6b).