Bilateralism of the tumours (25, 30), presence of Reinke crystals (1, 5, 25, 31, 31, 32, 33, 34) and expressions of synaptophysin, Inhibin α, CD56, androgen receptor, DLK1, INSL3, CYP11B1, CYP21A2 and MC2R (33, 34, 35, 36) have all been studied as potential markers, but none of these markers individually can reliably discriminate TARTs from LCTs. Here, NCAM1 is linked to neoplasm.