Radical treatments for prostate cancer are often accompanied by adverse effects that negatively impact on men’s quality of life,6 and the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test cannot distinguish the majority of men with indolent cancer from the minority with aggressive, fatal cancer.7 Since diet and lifestyle are thought to play a pivotal role in prostate carcinogenesis,8 attention has turned towards the development of dietary and lifestyle interventions to prevent the progression of prostate cancer. This evidence concerns the gene KLK3 and prostate cancer.