Radical treatments for prostate cancer are often accompanied by adverse effects that negatively impact on men’s quality of life,6 and the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test cannot distinguish the majority of men with indolent cancer from the minority with aggressive, fatal cancer.7 Since diet and lifestyle are thought to play a pivotal role in prostate carcinogenesis,8 attention has turned towards the development of dietary and lifestyle interventions to prevent the progression of prostate cancer. The gene discussed is KLK3; the disease is cancer.