The neuropathological features associated with HIV-1 infection of the brains of BLT mice were assessed in brain sections from animals in each group using antibodies to conventional neural cell markers that immunolabeled human CD68 (macrophage/microglia), GFAP (astrocytes), CD3ε (lymphocytes) and HIV-1 p24. The gene discussed is GFAP; the disease is HIV-1 infection.