PPARG and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: It has been reported that gallic acid not only improves glucose tolerance, triglyceride concentration, total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol in diet-induced obesity animals [35,36] but also attenuates high-fat diet fed-streptozotocin-induced insulin resistance via partial agonism of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) in experimental type 2 diabetic rats and enhances glucose uptake through translocation and activation of glucose transporter 4 in PI3K/p-Akt signaling pathway [37].