TP53 and Balkan nephropathy: Since the A:T to T:A transversions found in TP53 correspond to the mutagenic specificity known for AA [54,55,56,57,58], it was proposed that these AA-induced transversion mutations in the TP53 gene of urothelial tumours could be utilised as mechanistically relevant biomarkers of AA exposure in combination with specific AA-DNA adducts found in renal tissue of AAN patients [49,50].