Furthermore, the detection of a specific AAG to TAG transversion mutation (an A:T to T:A transversion mutation) in the tumour suppressor gene TP53 in one patient suffering from AAN-associated urothelial cancer [50] in combination with a high prevalence of A:T to T:A transversion mutations found in transgenic rodent mutation assays after AA exposure (reviewed in [50]) set the stage that this mutation pattern is now recognised as the mutational signature of AA and is used as another indicator for AA exposure [32,50]. Here, TP53 is linked to Balkan nephropathy.