In human, the enzymes involved are different from that in the mouse model, instead of long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCAD) playing an essential role in fatty acids oxidation, human mainly rely on very long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD) in fatty acids oxidation [41].3-HB decrease with UTI could be related to the suppressed transport of plasma free fatty acid into the liver mitochondria. This evidence concerns the gene ACADVL and bacterial urinary tract infection.