SCA neutrophils demonstrate significantly increased adhesion to 20 μg/ml fibronectin ligand (30 min), compared to CON (P<0.05, data not shown), which is further increased by stimulating cells with 200ng/mL TNF-α (TNF; P<0.001, Fig. 14a), a potent cytokine found augmented in SCA. Here, TNF is linked to autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia.