IL1B and systemic inflammatory response syndrome: In addition, IL-1β levels are significantly elevated in equine sepsis and SIRS (54–56), during the developmental phase of laminitis (57, 58), and in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from horses with asthma syndrome (59, 60) Previous studies demonstrate that cAMP-elevating agents had variable effects on IL-1β mRNA and protein synthesis in equine and human monocytes (14, 18, 33, 61) and even exerted opposing effects on IL-1β mRNA and protein in human mixed leukocyte models (39, 40).