ATRX and central nervous system cancer: In regard to glioblastomas, reports of ATRX deficiency seem to vary; Liu and colleagues (56) observed absence of ATRX within secondary glioblastomas and more in younger patients, whereas Cai and colleagues (57) have observed lower ATRX expression more prominently in primary GBM and anaplastic gliomas than grade II gliomas and have suggested it as a malignancy marker.