Randomized trials showed treatment naïve, recurrent, or metastatic NSCLC patients harboring these mutations, particularly for exons 19 or 21 (3–10), had improved median progression-free survival (mPFS), tolerability, and quality-of-life from EGFR inhibitors over platinum-based chemotherapy. The gene discussed is EGFR; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.