TXN and viral infectious disease: The finding that several genes that are important for the antiviral response, mostly part of IFN signaling pathways, including the antiviral proteins Oas and Mx2, require GSH for optimal induction by LPS adds knowledge to previous findings, indicating that GSH can inhibit viral infection (44, 45) and that viral infection causes release of glutathionylated thioredoxin and Prdx (46).