Among HCV patients, a study evaluating the effect of HCV recurrence after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) showed that recipients with significant HCV-induced allograft fibrosis/cirrhosis and inflammation, presented higher frequency of HCV-specific Th17 cells, as well as proinflammatory mediators (IL-17, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1) (57). The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is Cirrhosis.