ATM and cancer: The apoptotic action of GA on human cancer cells was attributable to DNA-damage-induced ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) activation (Elangovan and Chinnadurai, 1997; Agarwal et al., 2006), a membrane of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-like family involving in the regulation of cell cycle progression and apoptosis (Guo et al., 2010a,b).