Consistent with these studies, our results showed that ROS generation inhibition by MnTMPyP markedly reduced the expression of cytosolic cytochrome C and active cleaved caspase-9, the expression of GRP78, CHOP, eIF2a and active cleaved caspase-12, as well as the expression of LC3-II and Beclin1, which suggested that DHA-induced apoptosis and autophagy was dependent on ROS generation in human GBM cells. Here, CASP12 is linked to glioblastoma.