Apart from IFN-γ, lymphocytes were clearly identified to prevent primary tumor development: in a key study by Shankaran et al., chemically-induced sarcomas derived from immunodeficient RAG2−/− (recombination activating gene 2−/−) mice were rejected in immunocompetent mice, while sarcomas obtained from wildtype mice successfully engrafted indicating reduced tumor cell immunogenicity when tumors were induced in immunocompetent mice [39]. This evidence concerns the gene IFNG and neoplasm.