However, the main conclusions drawn in Dungwa et al., i.e., that HIF-1α expression is elevated in malignant neuroblastomas as compared to ganglioneuromas and that HIF-1α is high in aggressively growing, necrotic tumors, fit the overall assumption that high-risk neuroblastomas are more hypoxic than benign tumors. Here, HIF1A is linked to benign neoplasm.